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The Arctic, a vast and remote region encompassing the northernmost part of Earth, is characterized by its frigid climate, unique ecosystems, and diverse Indigenous cultures. Encircling the Arctic Ocean, the Arctic encompasses portions of eight countries: Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States (Alaska). The Arctic's defining feature is its extreme cold, with average annual temperatures hovering around -12 degrees Celsius (10.4 degrees Fahrenheit). This harsh environment has shaped a landscape of towering ice sheets, expansive glaciers, and snow-covered tundra.
