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Vaccines are biological preparations that provide immunity to a specific disease. They work by exposing the body to a weakened or inactive form of a virus or bacteria, which allows the body to develop antibodies without actually getting sick. When the body is then exposed to the real virus or bacteria, it is already prepared to fight it off. Vaccines are one of the most effective tools we have to prevent infectious diseases. They have helped to eradicate smallpox and polio, and they have significantly reduced the incidence of many other diseases, such as measles, mumps, and rubella.